Research

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence

Overview: The pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) was modelled in terms of the picture and response format on The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (Harter & Pike, 1983) Ages 4 to 7.

The items in the PMSC were initially matched to the 12 items in the Test of Gross Motor Development - 2nd Edition (Ulrich; 2000). These items include six for each subtest: Locomotor: run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, slide and Object Control: striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll.

Want a Copy?: Please contact A/Professor Lisa Barnett (Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia) for English versions of the PMSC.

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (aligned with the TGMD-3)

Overview: A subsequent version was developed that matched the 13 items in the TGMD version 3 (link to Ulrich http://www.kines.umich.edu/tgmd3). The object control subtest was renamed ball skills, with seven skills instead of six (i.e., strike with two hands, strike with one hand, stationary dribble, catch, kick, overhand throw, and underhand throw). In the locomotor subtest, the six skills are now: run, gallop, skip, hop, slide, and horizontal jump. In this version of the TGMD, the leap and underhand roll skills were eliminated, and the skip, one-hand forehand strike, and underhand throw were added, bringing the total skill count up to thirteen, from the previous twelve.

Want a Copy?: Please contact A/Professor Lisa Barnett (Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia) for English versions of the PMSC.

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (aligned with the TGMD-3)

Overview: The PMSC was modified to be completed as a written proxy report. This measure has been used with Australian children and parents, as well as Spanish parents and teachers.

Want a Copy?: Please contact A/Professor Lisa Barnett (Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Australia) for English versions of the PMSC.

PMSC Validation/Reliability Studies

*Publications are ordered from earliest publication to most recent

English

Children from Australia: Barnett, L. M., Ridgers, N. D., Zask, A., & Salmon, J. (2015). Face validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing fundamental movement skill perceived competence in young children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 98-102. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.004

Children from Australia and America: Barnett, L. M., Robinson, L. E., Webster, E. K., & Ridgers, N. D. (2015). Reliability of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in 2 Diverse Samples of Young Children. Journal Physical Activity and Health, 12(8), 1045-1051. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0141

Children from Australia: Barnett, L. M., Vazou, S., Abbott, G., Bowe, S. J., Robinson, L. E., Ridgers, N. D., et al. (2016). Construct validity of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence. [Article]. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.09.002

Children from Australia: Johnson, T. M., Ridgers, N. D., Hulteen, R. M., Mellecker, R. R., & Barnett, L. M. (2016). “Does playing a sports active video game improve young children's ball skill competence?” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(5), 432-436. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.002

Children from Australia: Barnett, L.M.; Ridgers, N.D.; Hesketh, K.; Salmon, J. Setting them up for lifetime activity: Play competence perceptions and physical activity in young children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2017, 20, 856-860, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.003.

Preschool children from Australia: Moulton, J.M.; Cole, C.; Ridgers, N.D.; Pepin, G.; Barnett, L.M. Measuring movement skill perceptions in preschool children: A face validity and reliability study. Australian Occupation Therapy Journal 2018, 10.1111/1440-1630.12485, doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12485.

Children from Australia: Barnett, L.M.; Makin, O. An App to Assess Young Children’s Perceptions of Movement Competence. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2018, 6, S252-S263, doi:10.1123/jmld.2017-0039.

Children from England: Duncan, M. J., Jones, V., O’Brien, W., Barnett, L. M., & Eyre, E. L. (2018). Self-perceived and actual motor competence in young British children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 125(2), 251-264.

Children from Australia and Germany: van Veen, C.; Schott, N.; Lander, N.; Tietjens, M.; Hinkley, T.; Dreiskämper, D.; Holfelder, B.; Utesch, T.; Barnett, L.M. The Stability of Perceived Motor Competence of Primary School Children from Two Countries over One Year. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 2019, 1-7.

Portuguese

Children from Portugal: Lopes, V. P., Barnett, L. M., Saraiva, L., Goncalves, C., Bowe, S. J., Abbott, G., et al. (2016). Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing perceived motor competence in Portuguese children. Child Care Health Development, 42(5), 666-674. doi: 10.1111/cch.12359

Children from Brazil: Valentini, N., Barnett, L., Bandeira, P. F., Nobre, G. C., Zanell, L. W., & Sartori, R. F. (2017). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence: Determining Content and Construct Validity for Brazilian Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 1-26. doi: 10.1123/jmld.2016-0043

Chinese

Children from China: Diao, Y.; Dong, C.; Barnett, L.M.; Estevan, I.; Li, J.; Ji, L. Validity and Reliability of a Pictorial Instrument for Assessing Fundamental Movement Skill Perceived Competence in Chinese Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2017, 6, S223-S238, doi:10.1123/jmld.2016-0082.

Spanish

Children from Spain: Estevan, I.; Molina-García, J.; Abbott, G.; Bowe, S.J.; Castillo, I.; Barnett, L.M. Evidence of Reliability and Validity for the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2018, 6, S205-S222, doi:10.1123/jmld.2016-0065.

Children from Spain: Estevan, I., Molina-García, J., Queralt, A., Bowe, S. J., Abbott, G., & Barnett, L. M. (2018). The new version of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish children: Evidence of validity and reliability.[La nueva versión de la escala pictográfica de Percepción de Competencia de Habilidades Motrices in niños y niñas españoles: Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad]. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. doi: 10.5232/ricyde, 15(55), 35-54.

Greek

Children from Greece: Venetsanou, F.; Kossyva, I.; Valentini, N.; Afthentopoulou, A.-E.; Barnett, L.M. Validity and Reliability of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Greek Children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 2018, 10.1123/jmld.2017-0028, 1-22, doi:10.1123/jmld.2017-0028.

Finnish

Children from Finland: Niemistö, D., Barnett, L. M., Cantell, M., Finni, T., Korhonen, E., & Sääkslahti, A. (2019). Socioecological correlates of perceived motor competence in 5‐to 7‐year‐old Finnish children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(5), 753-765.

Italian

Children from Italy: Morano, M., Bortoli, L., Ruiz, M. C., Campanozzi, A., & Robazza, C. (2020). Actual and perceived motor competence: Are children accurate in their perceptions?. PLoS one, 15(5), e0233190.

Proxy Report

Australia (parents): Liong, G.H.E.; Ridgers, N.D.; Barnett, L.M. Associations between Skill Perceptions and Young Children's Actual Fundamental Movement Skills. Percept. Mot. Skills 2015, 120, 591-603, doi:10.2466/10.25.PMS.120v18x2.

Australia (parents): Maher, S.J.; Schott, N.; Lander, N.J.; Hinkley, T.; Barnett, L.M. A comparison of parent report and actual motor competence in young children. Aust. Occup. Ther. J. 2018, 10.1111/1440-1630.12486, doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12486.

Spanish (parents and teachers): Estevan, I.; Molina-García, J.; Bowe, S.J.; Álvarez, O.; Castillo, I.; Barnett, L.M. Who can best report on children's motor competence: Parents, teachers, or the children themselves? Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2018, 34, 1-9, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.09.002.

America (childcare providers): Figueroa, R., Barnett, L., Estevan, I., & Wiley, A. R. (2019, February). How well can family childcare providers report on preschoolers’ motor skill competence? In Child & Youth Care Forum (Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 19-28). Springer US.

Please note that all use needs to be cited according to the following:

Use of the ‘Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children’ in any form (i.e. through the printed booklet or App version, and whether one skill item or all skill items are used), should be accompanied by the following acknowledgment. "The pictorial scale of ‘Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children’ was developed by Lisa M Barnett, Nicola Ridgers, Avigdor Zask and Jo Salmon at Deakin University (Citation: Lisa M. Barnett, Nicola D. Ridgers, Avigdor Zask, and Jo Salmon, 'Face Validity and Reliability of a Pictorial Instrument for Assessing Fundamental Movement Skill Perceived Competence in Young Children', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18 (2015), 98-102). The concept of the ‘Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children’ and item wording was originally taken from the ‘Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance for Young Children’ Susan Harter and Robin G. Pike 1980." Please also note that the images cannot be used for any other purpose.

Research

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (aligned with the TGMD-3)

The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (aligned with the TGMD-3)

Active Play Skills

Perceived Movement Skill Competence App

PMSC Validation/Reliability Studies

Contact Us